Altaic etymology : Query result

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 99, 274. The verb loses the final resonant in Jpn., Kor. and in some forms of the Turkic paradigm: this must be an archaic feature (also present in some other frequently used verbs), speaking perhaps in favour of the root's original monosyllabic structure (*gèl).

Proto-Altaic: *gèmo

Meaning: to complete, fill in

Russian meaning: завершать, заполнять

Mongolian: *gömür-

Tungus-Manchu: *gemu

Korean: *kăm-

Japanese: *kǝ̀m-

Comments: Cf. also notes to *k`ŏ́mi.

Proto-Altaic: *gèná

Meaning: to suppose; unexpected

Russian meaning: предполагать; неожиданный

Turkic: *gEne

Mongolian: *gene-

Japanese: *kàná-

Comments: The original meaning may be reconstructed as 'to be unexpected' / 'not expect smth.'.

Proto-Altaic: *gentV ( ~ k-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: male, self

Russian meaning: самец, сам

Turkic: *[g]ẹntü (-nd-)

Mongolian: *gendü

Comments: A Turk.-Mong. isogloss. Poppe 25, KW 133, ОСНЯ 1, 226-227 (despite Doerfer's criticism in TMN 1, 489 the forms are perfectly semantically compatible).

Proto-Altaic: *gep`V

Meaning: to disappear, obscure

Russian meaning: исчезать, тусклый

Mongolian: *geɣe-

Tungus-Manchu: *gepe-

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss. Cf. *gi̯ū̀p`a.

Proto-Altaic: *gera ( ~ -o, -u)

Meaning: many

Russian meaning: много

Mongolian: *garu-

Tungus-Manchu: *gere-n

Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *gĕ̀rè(bV)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: word, name, witness

Russian meaning: слово, имя, свидетельство

Turkic: *gẹr-tü

Mongolian: *gere(-ɣe)

Tungus-Manchu: *gerbǖ

Korean: *kɨ́r, *kɨ́rwǝ́r

Japanese: *kǝ̀tǝ̀, *kǝ̀tǝ̀-pà

Comments: KW 134, Poppe 25, 80 (Turk.-Mong.). Cf. also Old Koguryo *kŭš (Lee reads *kɨl, Miller 1979 emends to *kŭnš, which is hardly correct).

Proto-Altaic: *gérki

Meaning: a k. of pheasant

Russian meaning: вид фазана

Turkic: *Kerke-

Mongolian: *girgawl, *k-

Japanese: *kínkisí

Comments: Cf. various similar bird names in TM: Evk. goriwkī 'swallow' (ТМС 1, 161); Orok kiru, kireu 'crane' (ТМС 1, 399); Oroch kurau, koro; Evk. karaw, karawul 'gray crane' (ТМС 1, 379).

Proto-Altaic: *gĕrV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: house, house poles

Russian meaning: дом, жерди в каркасе дома

Turkic: *gErekü

Mongolian: *ger

Tungus-Manchu: *gerbe-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *get`V

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to watch, look

Russian meaning: наблюдать, смотреть

Mongolian: *gete-

Tungus-Manchu: *gete-

Comments: KW 135. A Mong.-Tung. isogloss; despite TMN 1, 489, Doerfer MT 79, hardly a borrowing in TM < Mong. (because of semantic differences).

Proto-Altaic: *gḕĺa

Meaning: to screen (from light), disappear

Russian meaning: закрывать (от света), исчезать

Turkic: *Köĺ-

Tungus-Manchu: *gēl-

Korean: *kɨ̀rɨ̀mǝ́i

Japanese: *kàsùm-

Comments: In Turkic *Keĺ- would be expected; -ö- is probably due to the influence of a very close phonetically and semantically Karakh. kölige 'shadow'. In Korean one would expect rather *kǝ́rVm-, so the tone and vocalism appears to be distorted. This all may be due to expressive (tabooistic) reasons, as well as to the interaction between this root and PA *k`òlmV 'cloud' q. v. {Cf. WMo ɣoluj-, ɣolu-ɣur 'потухший, тусклый, неяркий' - perhaps better for Turkic.}

Proto-Altaic: *gḗmo

Meaning: stern, boat

Russian meaning: корма, лодка

Turkic: *gẹ̄mi

Tungus-Manchu: *gemu ?

Korean: *kòmắr

Comments: One of the common Altaic navigation terms.

Proto-Altaic: *gḕnŋa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to bend

Russian meaning: гнуть

Turkic: *KAŋɨr-

Mongolian: *gana-

Tungus-Manchu: *gē(n)ŋe-

Comments: A Western isogloss.